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The zones of discrimination for M-Score is as such:
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Good Sign:
Beneish M-Score -3.19 no higher than -1.78, which implies that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
The historical rank and industry rank for Warby Parker's Beneish M-Score or its related term are showing as below:
During the past 6 years, the highest Beneish M-Score of Warby Parker was 1.97. The lowest was -3.31. And the median was -3.19.
The historical data trend for Warby Parker's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Warby Parker Annual Data | |||||||||||||||
Trend | Dec19 | Dec20 | Dec21 | Dec22 | Dec23 | Dec24 | |||||||||
Beneish M-Score | Get a 7-Day Free Trial | - | - | 1.97 | -3.31 | -3.19 |
Warby Parker Quarterly Data | |||||||||||||||||||
Dec19 | Sep20 | Dec20 | Mar21 | Jun21 | Sep21 | Dec21 | Mar22 | Jun22 | Sep22 | Dec22 | Mar23 | Jun23 | Sep23 | Dec23 | Mar24 | Jun24 | Sep24 | Dec24 | |
Beneish M-Score | Get a 7-Day Free Trial |
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-3.31 | -3.27 | -3.43 | -2.97 | -3.19 |
For the Medical Instruments & Supplies subindustry, Warby Parker's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
For the Medical Devices & Instruments industry and Healthcare sector, Warby Parker's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Warby Parker's Beneish M-Score falls into.
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Warby Parker for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
= | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 0.9511 | + | 0.528 * 0.9854 | + | 0.404 * 1.0572 | + | 0.892 * 1.1516 | + | 0.115 * 1.0403 | |
- | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI | |||||||
- | 0.172 * 0.9075 | + | 4.679 * -0.176106 | - | 0.327 * 1.0379 | |||||||
= | -3.19 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
This Year (Dec24) TTM: | Last Year (Dec23) TTM: |
Total Receivables was $1.9 Mil. Revenue was 190.643 + 192.447 + 188.222 + 200.003 = $771.3 Mil. Gross Profit was 103.126 + 104.867 + 105.382 + 113.459 = $426.8 Mil. Total Current Assets was $326.0 Mil. Total Assets was $676.5 Mil. Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $341.7 Mil. Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $45.9 Mil. Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $456.9 Mil. Total Current Liabilities was $130.4 Mil. Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $205.1 Mil. Net Income was -6.877 + -4.072 + -6.762 + -2.679 = $-20.4 Mil. Non Operating Income was 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = $0.0 Mil. Cash Flow from Operations was 19.912 + 27.282 + 31.623 + 19.927 = $98.7 Mil. |
Total Receivables was $1.8 Mil. Revenue was 161.855 + 169.849 + 166.093 + 171.968 = $669.8 Mil. Gross Profit was 87.066 + 92.732 + 90.635 + 94.791 = $365.2 Mil. Total Current Assets was $298.6 Mil. Total Assets was $580.3 Mil. Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $274.6 Mil. Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $38.6 Mil. Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $437.2 Mil. Total Current Liabilities was $127.1 Mil. Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $150.2 Mil. |
1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
= | (1.948 / 771.315) | / | (1.779 / 669.765) | |
= | 0.002526 | / | 0.002656 | |
= | 0.9511 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
= | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) | |
= | (365.224 / 669.765) | / | (426.834 / 771.315) | |
= | 0.545302 | / | 0.553385 | |
= | 0.9854 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
= | (1 - (326.046 + 341.748) / 676.49) | / | (1 - (298.619 + 274.637) / 580.312) | |
= | 0.012855 | / | 0.012159 | |
= | 1.0572 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
= | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 | |
= | 771.315 | / | 669.765 | |
= | 1.1516 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
= | (38.554 / (38.554 + 274.637)) | / | (45.865 / (45.865 + 341.748)) | |
= | 0.123101 | / | 0.118327 | |
= | 1.0403 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
= | (456.946 / 771.315) | / | (437.22 / 669.765) | |
= | 0.592425 | / | 0.652796 | |
= | 0.9075 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
= | ((205.12 + 130.354) / 676.49) | / | ((150.171 + 127.09) / 580.312) | |
= | 0.495904 | / | 0.477779 | |
= | 1.0379 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
= | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t | |
= | (-20.39 - 0 | - | 98.744) | / | 676.49 | |
= | -0.176106 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Warby Parker has a M-score of -3.19 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
Thank you for viewing the detailed overview of Warby Parker's Beneish M-Score provided by GuruFocus.com. Please click on the following links to see related term pages.
David Abraham Gilboa | director, officer: Co-Chief Executive Officer | C/O WARBY PARKER INC., 233 SPRING STREET, 6TH FLOOR, NEW YORK NY 10013 |
Steven Clive Miller | officer: Chief Financial Officer | C/O WARBY PARKER INC., 233 SPRING STREET, 6TH FLOOR, NEW YORK NY 10013 |
Neil Harris Blumenthal | director, officer: Co-Chief Executive Officer | C/O WARBY PARKER INC., 233 SPRING STREET, 6TH FLOOR, NEW YORK NY 10013 |
D1 Capital Partners L.p. | 10 percent owner | 9 WEST 57TH STREET, 36TH FLOOR, NEW YORK NY 10019 |
Teresa Briggs | director | 2225 LAWSON LANE, SANTA CLARA CA 95054 |
Durable Capital Partners Lp | 10 percent owner | 4747 BETHESDA AVENUE, SUITE #1002, BETHESDA MD 20814 |
Ronald A Williams | director | |
Jeffrey Jacob Raider | director | C/O WARBY PARKER INC., 233 SPRING STREET, 6TH FLOOR, NEW YORK NY 10013 |
Andrew Hunt | director | C/O ELEPHANT PARTNERS, 11 NEWBURY STREET, 5TH FLOOR, BOSTON MA 02116 |
Joel E Cutler | director, 10 percent owner | C/O GENERAL CATALYST PARTNERS, 20 UNIVERSITY ROAD, SUITE 450, CAMBRIDGE MA 02138 |
Youngme E Moon | director | 75 NETWORK DRIVE, BURLINGTON MA 01803 |
Daniel S. Sundheim | 10 percent owner | C/O D1 CAPITAL PARTNERS L.P., 9 WEST 57TH STREET, 36TH FLOOR, NEW YORK NY 10019 |
General Catalyst Group V Lp | 10 percent owner | c/o General Catalyst Group Management LL, 20 University Road Ste 450, Cambridge MA 02138 |
Gabrielle Sulzberger | director | 450 LEXINGTON AVENUE, FLOOR 13, NEW YORK NY 10017 |
General Catalyst Group Management Holdings, L.p. | 10 percent owner | 20 UNIVERSITY ROAD, 4TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE MA 02138 |
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