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The zones of discrimination for M-Score is as such:
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Warning Sign:
Beneish M-Score -0.66 higher than -1.78, which implies that the company might have manipulated its financial results.
The historical rank and industry rank for Capex's Beneish M-Score or its related term are showing as below:
During the past 13 years, the highest Beneish M-Score of Capex was 1.41. The lowest was -8.14. And the median was -2.58.
The historical data trend for Capex's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Capex Annual Data | |||||||||||||||||||||
Trend | Apr15 | Apr16 | Apr17 | Apr18 | Apr19 | Apr20 | Apr21 | Apr22 | Apr23 | Apr24 | |||||||||||
Beneish M-Score | Get a 7-Day Free Trial | 1.41 | -2.52 | -2.01 | -1.23 | -2.73 |
Capex Quarterly Data | ||||||||||||||||||||
Oct19 | Jan20 | Apr20 | Jul20 | Oct20 | Jan21 | Apr21 | Jul21 | Oct21 | Jan22 | Apr22 | Jul22 | Oct22 | Jan23 | Apr23 | Jul23 | Oct23 | Jan24 | Apr24 | Jul24 | |
Beneish M-Score | Get a 7-Day Free Trial | -1.68 | -8.14 | -3.59 | -2.73 | -0.66 |
For the Oil & Gas E&P subindustry, Capex's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
For the Oil & Gas industry and Energy sector, Capex's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Capex's Beneish M-Score falls into.
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Capex for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
= | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 3.45 | + | 0.528 * 1.1165 | + | 0.404 * 1.0715 | + | 0.892 * 0.9395 | + | 0.115 * 0.692 | |
- | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI | |||||||
- | 0.172 * 1.183 | + | 4.679 * -0.078553 | - | 0.327 * 1.1168 | |||||||
= | -0.66 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
This Year (Jul24) TTM: | Last Year (Jul23) TTM: |
Total Receivables was ARS63,221 Mil. Revenue was 72591.773 + 154791.516 + 71075.222 + 26293.76 = ARS324,752 Mil. Gross Profit was 24579.119 + 60895.201 + 37793.52 + 10675.778 = ARS133,944 Mil. Total Current Assets was ARS121,687 Mil. Total Assets was ARS994,908 Mil. Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was ARS824,148 Mil. Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was ARS96,386 Mil. Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was ARS47,392 Mil. Total Current Liabilities was ARS117,694 Mil. Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was ARS347,697 Mil. Net Income was 13013.485 + 22739.837 + -55164.091 + -2384.813 = ARS-21,796 Mil. Non Operating Income was 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = ARS0 Mil. Cash Flow from Operations was 6118.411 + 15013.631 + 32535.034 + 2690.708 = ARS56,358 Mil. |
Total Receivables was ARS19,506 Mil. Revenue was 94357.009 + 159222.896 + 62761.905 + 29327.836 = ARS345,670 Mil. Gross Profit was 43729.47 + 84721.529 + 19635.259 + 11100.747 = ARS159,187 Mil. Total Current Assets was ARS33,036 Mil. Total Assets was ARS276,716 Mil. Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was ARS230,942 Mil. Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was ARS18,041 Mil. Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was ARS42,643 Mil. Total Current Liabilities was ARS104,938 Mil. Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was ARS10,963 Mil. |
1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
= | (63220.893 / 324752.271) | / | (19505.546 / 345669.646) | |
= | 0.194674 | / | 0.056428 | |
= | 3.45 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
= | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) | |
= | (159187.005 / 345669.646) | / | (133943.618 / 324752.271) | |
= | 0.460518 | / | 0.412449 | |
= | 1.1165 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
= | (1 - (121686.59 + 824147.532) / 994908.465) | / | (1 - (33035.833 + 230941.671) / 276716.071) | |
= | 0.049325 | / | 0.046035 | |
= | 1.0715 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
= | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 | |
= | 324752.271 | / | 345669.646 | |
= | 0.9395 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
= | (18041.394 / (18041.394 + 230941.671)) | / | (96385.626 / (96385.626 + 824147.532)) | |
= | 0.07246 | / | 0.104706 | |
= | 0.692 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
= | (47392.341 / 324752.271) | / | (42643.25 / 345669.646) | |
= | 0.145934 | / | 0.123364 | |
= | 1.183 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
= | ((347697.379 + 117693.967) / 994908.465) | / | ((10963.293 + 104938.004) / 276716.071) | |
= | 0.467773 | / | 0.418846 | |
= | 1.1168 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
= | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t | |
= | (-21795.582 - 0 | - | 56357.784) | / | 994908.465 | |
= | -0.078553 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Capex has a M-score of -0.66 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
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