Roland DG Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for Roland DG's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Roland DG Beneish M-Score Chart
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Roland DG Annual Data
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Trend |
Mar14 |
Mar15 |
Dec16 |
Dec17 |
Dec18 |
Dec19 |
Dec20 |
Dec21 |
Dec22 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.63 |
-2.97 |
-2.66 |
-2.07 |
-2.41 |
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Roland DG Quarterly Data
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Mar19 |
Jun19 |
Sep19 |
Dec19 |
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Sep20 |
Dec20 |
Mar21 |
Jun21 |
Sep21 |
Dec21 |
Mar22 |
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Dec22 |
Mar23 |
Jun23 |
Sep23 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.07 |
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-2.41 |
Competitive Comparison of Roland DG's Beneish M-Score
For the Computer Hardware subindustry, Roland DG's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Roland DG's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Hardware Industry
For the Hardware industry and Technology sector, Roland DG's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Roland DG's Beneish M-Score falls into.
Roland DG Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Roland DG for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 1.0432 | + | 0.528 * 0.9859 | + | 0.404 * 1.2651 | + | 0.892 * 1.0705 | + | 0.115 * 1.0691 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 1.1796 | + | 4.679 * -0.013716 | - | 0.327 * 1.1417 |
| = | -2.41 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec23) TTM: | Last Year (Dec22) TTM: |
Total Receivables was 円6,474 Mil.
Revenue was 円54,018 Mil.
Gross Profit was 円27,212 Mil.
Total Current Assets was 円36,251 Mil.
Total Assets was 円54,284 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was 円12,509 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was 円1,599 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was 円5,512 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was 円11,407 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was 円3,254 Mil.
Net Income was 円4,302 Mil.
Gross Profit was 円0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 円5,047 Mil.
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Total Receivables was 円5,797 Mil.
Revenue was 円50,459 Mil.
Gross Profit was 円25,060 Mil.
Total Current Assets was 円32,438 Mil.
Total Assets was 円46,027 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was 円9,887 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was 円1,364 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was 円4,365 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was 円9,656 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was 円1,233 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (6473.7 / 54018.422) | / | (5796.564 / 50459.277) |
| = | 0.119842 | / | 0.114876 |
| | = | 1.0432 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (25059.86 / 50459.277) | / | (27211.835 / 54018.422) |
| = | 0.496635 | / | 0.503751 |
| | = | 0.9859 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (36251.441 + 12508.945) / 54283.654) | / | (1 - (32438.423 + 9886.868) / 46027.282) |
| = | 0.101748 | / | 0.08043 |
| | = | 1.2651 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 54018.422 | / | 50459.277 |
| | = | 1.0705 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (1363.608 / (1363.608 + 9886.868)) | / | (1599.407 / (1599.407 + 12508.945)) |
| = | 0.121204 | / | 0.113366 |
| | = | 1.0691 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (5511.583 / 54018.422) | / | (4364.71 / 50459.277) |
| = | 0.102032 | / | 0.0865 |
| | = | 1.1796 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((3254.046 + 11407.464) / 54283.654) | / | ((1232.934 + 9656.004) / 46027.282) |
| = | 0.270091 | / | 0.236576 |
| | = | 1.1417 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (4302.263 - 0 | - | 5046.828) | / | 54283.654 |
| | = | -0.013716 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Roland DG has a M-score of -2.41 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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