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Browave (ROCO:3163) Beneish M-Score : -3.03 (As of May. 30, 2024)


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What is Browave Beneish M-Score?

The zones of discrimination for M-Score is as such:

An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.

Good Sign:

Beneish M-Score -3.03 no higher than -1.78, which implies that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.

The historical rank and industry rank for Browave's Beneish M-Score or its related term are showing as below:

ROCO:3163' s Beneish M-Score Range Over the Past 10 Years
Min: -4.01   Med: -2.66   Max: -1.64
Current: -3.03

During the past 13 years, the highest Beneish M-Score of Browave was -1.64. The lowest was -4.01. And the median was -2.66.


Browave Beneish M-Score Historical Data

The historical data trend for Browave's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:

* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.

* Premium members only.

Browave Beneish M-Score Chart

Browave Annual Data
Trend Dec13 Dec14 Dec15 Dec16 Dec17 Dec18 Dec19 Dec20 Dec21 Dec22
Beneish M-Score
Get a 7-Day Free Trial Premium Member Only Premium Member Only -2.59 -3.01 -3.13 -1.92 -2.65

Browave Quarterly Data
Mar19 Jun19 Sep19 Dec19 Mar20 Jun20 Sep20 Dec20 Mar21 Jun21 Sep21 Dec21 Mar22 Jun22 Sep22 Dec22 Mar23 Jun23 Sep23 Mar24
Beneish M-Score Get a 7-Day Free Trial Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only -2.65 -3.13 -3.11 -3.14 -3.03

Competitive Comparison of Browave's Beneish M-Score

For the Electrical Equipment & Parts subindustry, Browave's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:

* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.


Browave's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Industrial Products Industry

For the Industrial Products industry and Industrials sector, Browave's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:

* The bar in red indicates where Browave's Beneish M-Score falls into.



Browave Beneish M-Score Calculation

The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.

The M-Score Variables:

The M-score of Browave for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:

M=-4.84+0.92 * DSRI+0.528 * GMI+0.404 * AQI+0.892 * SGI+0.115 * DEPI
=-4.84+0.92 * 0.7153+0.528 * 1.279+0.404 * 0.6657+0.892 * 0.7859+0.115 * 0.887
-0.172 * SGAI+4.679 * TATA-0.327 * LVGI
-0.172 * 1.2876+4.679 * -0.020576-0.327 * 0.8432
=-3.03

* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.

This Year (Mar24) TTM:Last Year (Dec22) TTM:
Total Receivables was NT$429 Mil.
Revenue was 548.8 + 732.937 + 653.314 + 588.028 = NT$2,523 Mil.
Gross Profit was 98.773 + 122.216 + 133.089 + 134.372 = NT$488 Mil.
Total Current Assets was NT$3,046 Mil.
Total Assets was NT$3,517 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was NT$412 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was NT$113 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was NT$216 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was NT$973 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was NT$29 Mil.
Net Income was 135.162 + 180.803 + 149.15 + 60.459 = NT$526 Mil.
Non Operating Income was 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = NT$0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was -27.675 + 298.357 + 145.581 + 181.683 = NT$598 Mil.
Total Receivables was NT$762 Mil.
Revenue was 775.222 + 763.628 + 962.47 + 709.252 = NT$3,211 Mil.
Gross Profit was 228.962 + 204.466 + 240.008 + 121.525 = NT$795 Mil.
Total Current Assets was NT$2,870 Mil.
Total Assets was NT$3,368 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was NT$413 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was NT$97 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was NT$214 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was NT$1,099 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was NT$39 Mil.




1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index

Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.

A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.

DSRI=(Receivables_t / Revenue_t) / (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1)
=(428.559 / 2523.079) / (762.358 / 3210.572)
=0.169856 / 0.237452
=0.7153

2. GMI = Gross Margin Index

Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.

Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.

GMI=GrossMargin_t-1 / GrossMargin_t
=(GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) / (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t)
=(794.961 / 3210.572) / (488.45 / 2523.079)
=0.247607 / 0.193593
=1.279

3. AQI = Asset Quality Index

AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.

Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.

AQI=(1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) / (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1)
=(1 - (3046.427 + 411.76) / 3517.318) / (1 - (2869.96 + 413.231) / 3368.252)
=0.016811 / 0.025254
=0.6657

4. SGI = Sales Growth Index

Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.

Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.

SGI=Sales_t / Sales_t-1
=Revenue_t / Revenue_t-1
=2523.079 / 3210.572
=0.7859

5. DEPI = Depreciation Index

Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.

DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.

DEPI=(Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) / (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t))
=(97.192 / (97.192 + 413.231)) / (112.554 / (112.554 + 411.76))
=0.190415 / 0.214669
=0.887

Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.

6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index

The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.

SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.

SGAI=(SGA_t / Sales_t) / (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1)
=(216.122 / 2523.079) / (213.583 / 3210.572)
=0.085658 / 0.066525
=1.2876

7. LVGI = Leverage Index

The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.

An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage

LVGI=((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) / ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1)
=((29.09 + 973.238) / 3517.318) / ((39.242 + 1099.151) / 3368.252)
=0.284969 / 0.337977
=0.8432

8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets

Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.

TATA=(IncomefromContinuingOperations_t - CashFlowsfromOperations_t) / TotalAssets_t
=(NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t - CashFlowsfromOperations_t) / TotalAssets_t
=(525.574 - 0 - 597.946) / 3517.318
=-0.020576

An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.

Browave has a M-score of -3.03 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.


Browave Beneish M-Score Related Terms

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Browave (ROCO:3163) Business Description

Traded in Other Exchanges
N/A
Address
3F, No.30, Industrial East Road, IX, Hsin Chu Science Park, Hsin Chu, TWN, 30075
Browave Corp operates in the optical fibre communication industry with original equipment manufacturing and original design manufacturing development, production, and sales. The company is also involved in design electromechanical active and passive components, modules and subsystems, production and marketing services. Its product portfolio comprises WDM modules, splitter modules, amplifier components, splitter components, optical connectors and optical parts.

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