China Taiping Insurance Holdings Co Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of China Taiping Insurance Holdings Co for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 0.9624 | + | 0.528 * 1 | + | 0.404 * 0.9741 | + | 0.892 * 1.2039 | + | 0.115 * 1.0309 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 0 | + | 4.679 * -0.071115 | - | 0.327 * 0.9284 |
| = | -2.48 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec23) TTM: | Last Year (Dec22) TTM: |
Total Receivables was HK$54,630 Mil.
Revenue was HK$106,115 Mil.
Gross Profit was HK$106,115 Mil.
Total Current Assets was HK$735,408 Mil.
Total Assets was HK$1,509,497 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was HK$41,574 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was HK$3,329 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was HK$0 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was HK$87,319 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was HK$55,597 Mil.
Net Income was HK$6,190 Mil.
Gross Profit was HK$1,957 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was HK$111,580 Mil.
|
Total Receivables was HK$47,150 Mil.
Revenue was HK$88,140 Mil.
Gross Profit was HK$88,140 Mil.
Total Current Assets was HK$621,894 Mil.
Total Assets was HK$1,321,590 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was HK$41,291 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was HK$3,416 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was HK$31,027 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was HK$75,188 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was HK$59,591 Mil.
|
1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (54630.373 / 106115.36) | / | (47150.418 / 88140.046) |
| = | 0.514821 | / | 0.534949 |
| | = | 0.9624 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (88140.046 / 88140.046) | / | (106115.36 / 106115.36) |
| = | 1 | / | 1 |
| | = | 1 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (735408.153 + 41574.026) / 1509497.488) | / | (1 - (621894.235 + 41291.047) / 1321590.064) |
| = | 0.485271 | / | 0.498191 |
| | = | 0.9741 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 106115.36 | / | 88140.046 |
| | = | 1.2039 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (3416.465 / (3416.465 + 41291.047)) | / | (3328.656 / (3328.656 + 41574.026)) |
| = | 0.076418 | / | 0.07413 |
| | = | 1.0309 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (0 / 106115.36) | / | (31026.823 / 88140.046) |
| = | 0 | / | 0.352017 |
| | = | 0 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((55597.057 + 87318.661) / 1509497.488) | / | ((59591.236 + 75188.479) / 1321590.064) |
| = | 0.094678 | / | 0.101983 |
| | = | 0.9284 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (6189.764 - 1957.161 | - | 111580.06) | / | 1509497.488 |
| | = | -0.071115 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
China Taiping Insurance Holdings Co has a M-score of -2.48 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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