Empire Industries Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for Empire Industries's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Empire Industries Beneish M-Score Chart
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Empire Industries Annual Data
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Trend |
Mar14 |
Mar15 |
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Mar17 |
Mar18 |
Mar19 |
Mar20 |
Mar21 |
Mar22 |
Mar23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-1.52 |
-2.50 |
-3.30 |
-2.43 |
-2.33 |
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Empire Industries Quarterly Data
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Mar19 |
Jun19 |
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Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.33 |
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Competitive Comparison of Empire Industries's Beneish M-Score
For the Conglomerates subindustry, Empire Industries's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Empire Industries's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Conglomerates Industry
For the Conglomerates industry and Industrials sector, Empire Industries's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Empire Industries's Beneish M-Score falls into.
Empire Industries Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Empire Industries for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 1.2629 | + | 0.528 * 1.1204 | + | 0.404 * 0.6812 | + | 0.892 * 1.2528 | + | 0.115 * 0.7815 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 0.8014 | + | 4.679 * -0.058839 | - | 0.327 * 0.9613 |
| = | -2.33 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Mar23) TTM: | Last Year (Mar22) TTM: |
Total Receivables was ₹2,008 Mil.
Revenue was ₹6,816 Mil.
Gross Profit was ₹3,566 Mil.
Total Current Assets was ₹3,978 Mil.
Total Assets was ₹7,397 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was ₹3,256 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was ₹172 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was ₹526 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was ₹2,194 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was ₹1,150 Mil.
Net Income was ₹355 Mil.
Gross Profit was ₹0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was ₹790 Mil.
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Total Receivables was ₹1,269 Mil.
Revenue was ₹5,440 Mil.
Gross Profit was ₹3,189 Mil.
Total Current Assets was ₹3,240 Mil.
Total Assets was ₹7,068 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was ₹3,600 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was ₹147 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was ₹524 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was ₹1,879 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was ₹1,445 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (2007.897 / 6815.877) | / | (1269.043 / 5440.362) |
| = | 0.294591 | / | 0.233264 |
| | = | 1.2629 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (3189.407 / 5440.362) | / | (3566.468 / 6815.877) |
| = | 0.586249 | / | 0.523259 |
| | = | 1.1204 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (3977.601 + 3256.407) / 7396.593) | / | (1 - (3240.223 + 3599.564) / 7067.858) |
| = | 0.021981 | / | 0.032269 |
| | = | 0.6812 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 6815.877 | / | 5440.362 |
| | = | 1.2528 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (146.575 / (146.575 + 3599.564)) | / | (171.63 / (171.63 + 3256.407)) |
| = | 0.039127 | / | 0.050067 |
| | = | 0.7815 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (525.697 / 6815.877) | / | (523.604 / 5440.362) |
| = | 0.077128 | / | 0.096244 |
| | = | 0.8014 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((1149.532 + 2194.183) / 7396.593) | / | ((1445.326 + 1878.559) / 7067.858) |
| = | 0.452062 | / | 0.470282 |
| | = | 0.9613 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (355.245 - 0 | - | 790.452) | / | 7396.593 |
| | = | -0.058839 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Empire Industries has a M-score of -2.33 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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