Note: Discounted Earnings model is only suitable for predictable companies (Business Predictability Rank higher than 1-Star). If the company's predictability rank is 1-Star or Not Rated, result may not be accurate due to the low predictability of business and the data will not be stored into our database.
Lexmark International's Predictability Rank is Not Rated. Thus, this page is only used for demonstration purposes and the DCF related results in the screener and portfolio will appear as zero.
The historical rank and industry rank for Lexmark International's Intrinsic Value: DCF (Earnings Based) or its related term are showing as below:
LXK's Price-to-DCF (Earnings Based) is not ranked *
in the Hardware industry.
Industry Median: 0.955 * Ranked among companies with meaningful Price-to-DCF (Earnings Based) only.
Lexmark International Intrinsic Value: DCF (Earnings Based) Historical Data
The historical data trend for Lexmark International's Intrinsic Value: DCF (Earnings Based) can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
* Premium members only.
Lexmark International Intrinsic Value: DCF (Earnings Based) Chart
Competitive Comparison of Lexmark International's Intrinsic Value: DCF (Earnings Based)
For the Computer Hardware subindustry, Lexmark International's Price-to-DCF (Earnings Based), along with its competitors' market caps and Price-to-DCF (Earnings Based) data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Lexmark International's Price-to-DCF (Earnings Based) Distribution in the Hardware Industry
For the Hardware industry and Technology sector, Lexmark International's Price-to-DCF (Earnings Based) distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Lexmark International's Price-to-DCF (Earnings Based) falls into.
Lexmark International Intrinsic Value: DCF (Earnings Based) Calculation
This is the intrinsic value calculated from the Discounted Earnings model with default parameters. The calculation method is the same as Discounted Cash Flow model except earnings are used in the calculation instead of free cash flow. This is the default method of calculation with GuruFocus DCF calculator.
Usually a two-stage model is used in calculating the intrinsic value with discounted cash flow model. The first stage is called growth stage; the second is called the terminal stage. In the growth stage the company grows at a faster rate. Because it cannot grow at that rate forever, a lower rate is used for the terminal stage.
GuruFocus DCF calculator is a two-stage model. The default values are defined as:
1. Discount Rate: d = 11% A reasonable discount rate assumption should be at least the long term average return of the stock market, which can be estimated from risk free rate plus risk premium of stock market. GuruFocus uses 10-Year Treasury Constant Maturity Rate as the risk-free rate and rounded up to the nearest integer. It is updated daily. The current risk-free rate is 4.49%. Please go to Economic Indicators page for more information. Please note that we use the 10-Year Treasury Constant Maturity Rate of the country/region where the company is headquartered. If the data for that country/region is not available, then we will use the 10-Year Treasury Constant Maturity Rate of the United States as default. Then we added a risk premium of 6% to get the estimated discount rate. Some investors use their expected rate of return, which is also reasonable. A typical discount rate can be anywhere between 6% - 20%.
2. Growth Rate in the growth stage: g1 = 5%
The Growth Rate in the growth stage is initially set as the default 10-Year EPS without NRI Growth Rate. In cases where the 10-year growth rate is unavailable, it defaults to using the 5-Year EPS without NRI Growth Rate. If both the 10-year and 5-year growth rates are unavailable, the system defaults to the 3-Year EPS without NRI Growth Rate.
However, it's important to note that there is a growth rate range. If the calculated growth rate exceeds 20%, it will be capped at 20%. Conversely, if the calculated growth rate falls below 5%, it will be adjusted to 5% to maintain a reasonable range.
=>
Lexmark International's average EPS without NRI Growth Rate in the past
3 years was 0.00%,
which is less than 5%. GuruFocus defaults => Growth Rate: 5%
3. Years of Growth Stage: y1 = 10
4. Terminal Growth Rate: g2 = 4%
5. Years of Terminal Growth: y2 = 10
6. EPS without NRI: eps without nri = $-1.090. GuruFocus DCF calculator is actually a Discounted Earnings calculator, EPS without NRI is used as the default. The reason we are doing this is we found that historically stock prices are more correlated with earnings than free cash flow.
All of the default settings can be changed and the results are calculated automatically.
Lexmark International's Intrinsic Value: DCF (Earnings Based) for today is calculated as:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Lexmark International (NYSE:LXK) Intrinsic Value: DCF (Earnings Based) Explanation
Unlike valuation methods such as Net Current Asset Value, Tangible Book Value per Share, Graham Number, Median Ratio etc, discounted Cash Flow model evaluates the companies based on their future earnings power instead of their assets.
Be Aware
What you need to know about Discounted Earnings model:
1. The Discounted Earnings model evaluates a company based on its future earnings power
2. Growth is taken into account; therefore a faster growth company is worth more if everything else is the same.
3. Since we are projecting future growth, it is assumed that the company will grow at the same rate as it did during the past 10 years. Therefore this model works better for the companies that are relatively consistent performers.
4. The Discounted Earnings model works poorly for inconsistent performers like cyclicals.
5. Your expected return from the investment is a reasonable discount rate assumption.
6. A larger margin of safety should be required for companies with less predictable businesses.
You can screen for stocks that trade below their Intrinsic Value: DCF (FCF Based) and Intrinsic Value: DCF (Earnings Based) with the GuruFocus All-in-One Screener. Companies with a high Predictability Rank that trade at a discount to their Intrinsic Value: DCF (FCF Based) and Intrinsic Value: DCF (Earnings Based) can be found in the screen of Undervalued Predictable Companies.
Lexmark International Intrinsic Value: DCF (Earnings Based) Related Terms
Thank you for viewing the detailed overview of Lexmark International's Intrinsic Value: DCF (Earnings Based) provided by GuruFocus.com. Please click on the following links to see related term pages.
Lexmark International (Lexmark International) Business Description
Lexmark International Inc is a Delaware corporation, formed in July 1990. On November 15, 1995, it completed its initial public offering of Class A Common Stock. The Company is a developer, manufacturer and supplier of printing, imaging, device management, managed print services (MPS), document workflow and, more recently, business process and content management solutions. The Company operates in the office printing and imaging, enterprise content management (ECM), business process management (BPM), document output management (DOM), intelligent data capture and search software markets. Its products include laser printers and multifunction devices, dot matrix printers and the associated supplies/solutions/services, as well as ECM, BPM, DOM, intelligent data capture, search and web-based document imaging and workflow software solutions and services. It develops and ownsof the technology for its printing and imaging products and its software related to MPS and content and process management solutions. The Company is managed along two segments: Imaging Solutions and Services (ISS) and Perceptive Software. ISS offers a portfolio of monochrome and color laser printers and laser MFPs, as well as supplies, software applications, software solutions and MPS to help businesses efficiently capture, manage and access information. ISS laser products are core building blocks for enabling information on demand. They are designed to enable intelligent document capture in addition to delivering high-quality printed output on a variety of media types and sizes. When combined with document management and business process workflow software, from Perceptive Software, these products accelerate productivity by connecting people with the information they need. Its products include Monochrome Laser, Color Laser, Inkjet MFPs and AIOs, Dot Matrix Products, and MPS and Customer Support Services. Its competitors in this segment include Hewlett-Packard, Canon, Ricoh, Xerox, Brother, Konica Minolta, Kyocera, Okidata and Samsung. ISS operates manufacturing control centers in Lexington, Kentucky; Shenzhen, China; and Geneva, Switzerland; and has company-owned manufacturing sites in Boulder, Colorado and Juarez, Mexico. The Perceptive Software sgment offers a complete suite of ECM, BPM, DOM, intelligent data capture, search software and medical imaging VNA software products and solutions. Perceptive Software capture, content, search and BPM software products and solutions, enable users to capture, manage, and collaborate on important documents, information, and business processes, protect data integrity throughout its lifecycle and access precise content in the context of the users everyday business processes. These components are developed and maintained by Perceptive Software. Its solutions are Designed from Perceptive Softwares software platform, including the capture, content, process and search suites, Perceptive Software offers industry specific solutions of
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