GURUFOCUS.COM » STOCK LIST » Basic Materials » Chemicals » Linde PLC (NAS:LIN) » Definitions » Graham Number

Linde (LIN) Graham Number : $N/A (As of Jun. 2024)


View and export this data going back to 1992. Start your Free Trial

What is Linde Graham Number?

Graham Number is a figure that measures a stock's fundamental value by taking into account the company's earnings per share and book value per share. The Graham number is the upper bound of the price range that a defensive investor should pay for the stock. According to the theory, any stock price below the Graham number is considered undervalued, and thus worth investing in.

As of today (2024-10-31), the stock price of Linde is $456.15. Linde's graham number for the quarter that ended in Jun. 2024 was $N/A. Therefore, Linde's Price to Graham Number ratio for today is N/A.

The historical rank and industry rank for Linde's Graham Number or its related term are showing as below:

During the past 13 years, the highest Price to Graham Number ratio of Linde was 24.25. The lowest was 3.31. And the median was 4.90.

LIN's Price-to-Graham-Number is not ranked *
in the Chemicals industry.
Industry Median: 1.48
* Ranked among companies with meaningful Price-to-Graham-Number only.

Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation. It is a very conservative way of valuing a stock.


Linde Graham Number Historical Data

The historical data trend for Linde's Graham Number can be seen below:

* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.

* Premium members only.

Linde Graham Number Chart

Linde Annual Data
Trend Dec14 Dec15 Dec16 Dec17 Dec18 Dec19 Dec20 Dec21 Dec22 Dec23
Graham Number
Get a 7-Day Free Trial Premium Member Only Premium Member Only 42.77 32.21 38.87 31.71 19.42

Linde Quarterly Data
Sep19 Dec19 Mar20 Jun20 Sep20 Dec20 Mar21 Jun21 Sep21 Dec21 Mar22 Jun22 Sep22 Dec22 Mar23 Jun23 Sep23 Dec23 Mar24 Jun24
Graham Number Get a 7-Day Free Trial Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only 24.03 23.33 19.43 19.15 -

Competitive Comparison of Linde's Graham Number

For the Specialty Chemicals subindustry, Linde's Price-to-Graham-Number, along with its competitors' market caps and Price-to-Graham-Number data, can be viewed below:

* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.


Linde's Price-to-Graham-Number Distribution in the Chemicals Industry

For the Chemicals industry and Basic Materials sector, Linde's Price-to-Graham-Number distribution charts can be found below:

* The bar in red indicates where Linde's Price-to-Graham-Number falls into.



Linde Graham Number Calculation

Graham Number is a concept based on Ben Graham's conservative valuation of companies.

Linde's Graham Number for the fiscal year that ended in Dec. 2023 is calculated as

Graham Number
=sqrt of (22.5* Tangible Book per Share *EPS without NRI)
=sqrt of (22.5*1.181*14.2)
=19.42

Linde's Graham Number for the quarter that ended in Jun. 2024 is calculated as

Graham Number
=sqrt of (22.5*Tangible Book per Share*EPS without NRI (TTM))
=sqrt of (22.5*-0.077*14.82)
=N/A

* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.


Linde  (NAS:LIN) Graham Number Explanation

Ben Graham actually did not publish a formula like this. But he wrote in The Intelligent Investor (1948 version) regarding to the criteria for purchases:

Current price should not be more than 15 times average earnings of the past three years.

Current price should not be more than 1.5 times the book value last reported. However, a multiplier of earnings below 15 could justify a correspondingly higher multiplier of assets. As a rule of thumb we suggest that the product of the multiplier times the ratio of price to book value should not exceed 22.5. (This figure corresponds to 15 times earnings and 1.5 times book value. It would admit an issue selling at only 9 times earnings and 2.5 times asset value, etc.)

Unlike valuation methods such as DCF or Discounted Earnings, the Graham number does not take growth into the valuation. Unlike the valuation methods based on book value alone, it takes into account the earnings power. Therefore, the Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation.

In general, the Graham number is a very conservative way of valuing a stock. It cannot be applied to companies with negative book values.

Linde's Price to Graham number Ratio for today is calculated as

Price to Graham number=Share Price (Today)/Graham number (Q: Jun. 2024 )
=456.15/N/A
=N/A

* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.


Be Aware

Please keep these in mind:

1. Graham Number does not take growth into account. Therefore it underestimates the values of the companies that have good earnings growth. We feel that if the earnings per share grows more than 10% a year, Graham Number underestimates the value.
2. Graham Number punishes the companies that have temporarily low earnings. Therefore, an average of earnings makes more sense in the calculation of Graham Number.
3. Graham Numbers underestimates companies that are light with book.


Linde Graham Number Related Terms

Thank you for viewing the detailed overview of Linde's Graham Number provided by GuruFocus.com. Please click on the following links to see related term pages.


Linde Business Description

Address
10 Riverview Drive, Danbury, CT, USA, 06810
Linde PLC is the industrial gas supplier in the world, with operations in over 100 countries. The firm's main products are atmospheric gases (including oxygen, nitrogen, and argon) and process gases (including hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and helium), as well as equipment used in industrial gas production. Linde serves a wide variety of end markets, including chemicals, manufacturing, healthcare, and steelmaking. Linde generated approximately $33 billion in revenue in 2023.
Executives
John Panikar officer: Executive VP, APAC 39 OLD RIDGEBURY ROAD, DANBURY CT 06810-5113
Oliver Pfann officer: Senior Vice President, EMEA FORGE, 43 CHURCH STREET WEST, WOKING SURREY X0 GU216HT
Sean Durbin officer: Executive VP, EMEA C/O LINDE PLC, THE PRIESTLEY CENTRE 10 PRIESTLEY ROAD, GUILDFORD, SURREY X0 GU2 XY7
Guillermo Bichara officer: Senior VP& Chief Legal Officer 39 OLD RIDGEBURY ROAD, DANBURY CT 06810-5113
David P Strauss officer: Senior VP & Chief HR Officer 10 RIVERVIEW DRIVE, DANBURY CT 06810
Sanjiv Lamba officer: Chief Operating Officer THE PRIESTLEY CENTRE, 10 PRIESTLEY RD, SURREY RESEARCH PARK, GUILDFORD, SURREY X0 GU2 7XY
Juergen Nowicki officer: Executive VP, Engineering C/O LINDE PLC, THE PRIESTLEY CENTRE, 10 PRIESTLEY ROAD, GUILDFORD, SURREY X0 GU2 7XY
Matthew J White officer: Chief Financial Officer C/O PRAXAIR, INC., 39 OLD RIDGEBURY ROAD, DANBURY CT 12533
Stephen F Angel director, officer: Chief Executive Officer 39 OLD RIDGEBURY ROAD, DANBURY CT 06810-5113
Hugh Grant director C/O PPG INDUSTRIES, INC., 1 PPG PLACE, PITTSBURGH PA 15272
Kelcey E Hoyt officer: Principal Accounting Officer 39 OLD RIDGEBURY ROAD, DANBURY CT 06810-5113
Andreas Opfermann officer: Executive VP, Americas C/O LINDE, THE PRIESTLEY CENTRE, 10 PRIESTLEY ROAD, GUILDFORD, SURREY X0 GU2 7XY
Mr. Franz Fehrenbach Director
Franz Fehrenbach director THE PRIESTLEY CENTRE, 10 PRIESTLEY ROAD, THE SURREY RESEARCH PARK, GUILDFORD, SURREY X0 GU2 7XY
Alberto Weisser director