SS&C Technologies Holdings Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for SS&C Technologies Holdings's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
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SS&C Technologies Holdings Annual Data
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Trend |
Dec14 |
Dec15 |
Dec16 |
Dec17 |
Dec18 |
Dec19 |
Dec20 |
Dec21 |
Dec22 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.44 |
-2.83 |
-2.01 |
-3.03 |
-1.91 |
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SS&C Technologies Holdings Quarterly Data
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Mar19 |
Jun19 |
Sep19 |
Dec19 |
Mar20 |
Jun20 |
Sep20 |
Dec20 |
Mar21 |
Jun21 |
Sep21 |
Dec21 |
Mar22 |
Jun22 |
Sep22 |
Dec22 |
Mar23 |
Jun23 |
Sep23 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-3.03 |
-3.15 |
-3.10 |
-2.78 |
-1.91 |
Competitive Comparison
For the Software - Application subindustry, SS&C Technologies Holdings's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
SS&C Technologies Holdings Beneish M-Score Distribution
For the Software industry and Technology sector, SS&C Technologies Holdings's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where SS&C Technologies Holdings's Beneish M-Score falls into.
SS&C Technologies Holdings Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of SS&C Technologies Holdings for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 1.8539 | + | 0.528 * 0.988 | + | 0.404 * 0.9125 | + | 0.892 * 1.0416 | + | 0.115 * 0.9476 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 1.0057 | + | 4.679 * -0.040138 | - | 0.327 * 1.0356 |
| = | -1.91 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec23) TTM: | Last Year (Dec22) TTM: |
Total Receivables was $3,451 Mil.
Revenue was 1411.6 + 1365.9 + 1362.6 + 1362.7 = $5,503 Mil.
Gross Profit was 719.3 + 654.4 + 641.1 + 637 = $2,652 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $4,052 Mil.
Total Assets was $18,103 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $537 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $670 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $969 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $3,772 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $6,868 Mil.
Net Income was 194.4 + 156 + 130.7 + 126 = $607 Mil.
Non Operating Income was 61.8 + 22 + 24.3 + 10.5 = $119 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 388.4 + 242.5 + 329.4 + 254.8 = $1,215 Mil.
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Total Receivables was $1,787 Mil.
Revenue was 1338.3 + 1321 + 1328.7 + 1295 = $5,283 Mil.
Gross Profit was 647.4 + 623.8 + 624.3 + 619.8 = $2,515 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $2,424 Mil.
Total Assets was $16,653 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $605 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $672 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $925 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $2,191 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $7,261 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (3451.1 / 5502.8) | / | (1787.2 / 5283) |
| = | 0.627153 | / | 0.338293 |
| | = | 1.8539 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (2515.3 / 5283) | / | (2651.8 / 5502.8) |
| = | 0.476112 | / | 0.4819 |
| | = | 0.988 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (4051.5 + 536.7) / 18102.5) | / | (1 - (2424.4 + 604.5) / 16653.3) |
| = | 0.746543 | / | 0.81812 |
| | = | 0.9125 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 5502.8 | / | 5283 |
| | = | 1.0416 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (671.6 / (671.6 + 604.5)) | / | (670.4 / (670.4 + 536.7)) |
| = | 0.526291 | / | 0.555381 |
| | = | 0.9476 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (969.1 / 5502.8) | / | (925.1 / 5283) |
| = | 0.17611 | / | 0.175109 |
| | = | 1.0057 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((6867.6 + 3771.9) / 18102.5) | / | ((7260.9 + 2190.8) / 16653.3) |
| = | 0.587737 | / | 0.567557 |
| | = | 1.0356 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (607.1 - 118.6 | - | 1215.1) | / | 18102.5 |
| | = | -0.040138 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
SS&C Technologies Holdings has a M-score of -1.91 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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