Liberty TripAdvisor Holdings Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for Liberty TripAdvisor Holdings's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Liberty TripAdvisor Holdings Beneish M-Score Chart
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Liberty TripAdvisor Holdings Annual Data
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Trend |
Dec14 |
Dec15 |
Dec16 |
Dec17 |
Dec18 |
Dec19 |
Dec20 |
Dec21 |
Dec22 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.85 |
-1.48 |
-2.65 |
-2.70 |
-1.92 |
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Liberty TripAdvisor Holdings Quarterly Data
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Mar19 |
Jun19 |
Sep19 |
Dec19 |
Mar20 |
Jun20 |
Sep20 |
Dec20 |
Mar21 |
Jun21 |
Sep21 |
Dec21 |
Mar22 |
Jun22 |
Sep22 |
Dec22 |
Mar23 |
Jun23 |
Sep23 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.70 |
-2.79 |
-2.63 |
-1.79 |
-1.92 |
Competitive Comparison of Liberty TripAdvisor Holdings's Beneish M-Score
For the Internet Content & Information subindustry, Liberty TripAdvisor Holdings's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Liberty TripAdvisor Holdings's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Interactive Media Industry
For the Interactive Media industry and Communication Services sector, Liberty TripAdvisor Holdings's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Liberty TripAdvisor Holdings's Beneish M-Score falls into.
Liberty TripAdvisor Holdings Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Liberty TripAdvisor Holdings for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 0.7815 | + | 0.528 * 1.0124 | + | 0.404 * 0.8663 | + | 0.892 * 1.1984 | + | 0.115 * 0.97 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 0.9852 | + | 4.679 * 0.160955 | - | 0.327 * 1.3798 |
| = | -1.92 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec23) TTM: | Last Year (Dec22) TTM: |
Total Receivables was $192 Mil.
Revenue was 390 + 533 + 494 + 371 = $1,788 Mil.
Gross Profit was 286 + 424 + 382 + 274 = $1,366 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $1,324 Mil.
Total Assets was $3,560 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $87 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $87 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $1,144 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $576 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $1,127 Mil.
Net Income was -30 + -234 + 10 + -31 = $-285 Mil.
Non Operating Income was -36 + -1053 + 14 + -9 = $-1,084 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was -22 + 11 + 103 + 134 = $226 Mil.
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Total Receivables was $205 Mil.
Revenue was 354 + 459 + 417 + 262 = $1,492 Mil.
Gross Profit was 263 + 372 + 333 + 186 = $1,154 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $1,303 Mil.
Total Assets was $4,638 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $103 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $97 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $969 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $534 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $1,074 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (192 / 1788) | / | (205 / 1492) |
| = | 0.107383 | / | 0.137399 |
| | = | 0.7815 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (1154 / 1492) | / | (1366 / 1788) |
| = | 0.773458 | / | 0.763982 |
| | = | 1.0124 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (1324 + 87) / 3560) | / | (1 - (1303 + 103) / 4638) |
| = | 0.603652 | / | 0.696852 |
| | = | 0.8663 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 1788 | / | 1492 |
| | = | 1.1984 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (97 / (97 + 103)) | / | (87 / (87 + 87)) |
| = | 0.485 | / | 0.5 |
| | = | 0.97 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (1144 / 1788) | / | (969 / 1492) |
| = | 0.639821 | / | 0.649464 |
| | = | 0.9852 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((1127 + 576) / 3560) | / | ((1074 + 534) / 4638) |
| = | 0.478371 | / | 0.346701 |
| | = | 1.3798 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (-285 - -1084 | - | 226) | / | 3560 |
| | = | 0.160955 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Liberty TripAdvisor Holdings has a M-score of -1.92 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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