AMERISAFE Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of AMERISAFE for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 1.043 | + | 0.528 * 1 | + | 0.404 * 0.9138 | + | 0.892 * 1.0014 | + | 0.115 * 0.9766 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 1.0426 | + | 4.679 * 0.030469 | - | 0.327 * 1.8424 |
| = | -2.62 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Mar24) TTM: | Last Year (Mar23) TTM: |
Total Receivables was €257.4 Mil.
Revenue was 74.066 + 73.472 + 68.079 + 69.848 = €285.5 Mil.
Gross Profit was 74.066 + 73.472 + 68.079 + 69.848 = €285.5 Mil.
Total Current Assets was €650.7 Mil.
Total Assets was €1,143.7 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was €6.2 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was €1.3 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was €26.6 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was €4.1 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was €0.0 Mil.
Net Income was 15.571 + 17.589 + 9.333 + 14.424 = €56.9 Mil.
Non Operating Income was 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = €0.0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 6.906 + 3.638 + 4.809 + 6.717 = €22.1 Mil.
|
Total Receivables was €246.4 Mil.
Revenue was 73.279 + 75.309 + 72.115 + 64.375 = €285.1 Mil.
Gross Profit was 73.279 + 75.309 + 72.115 + 64.375 = €285.1 Mil.
Total Current Assets was €636.4 Mil.
Total Assets was €1,203.2 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was €6.5 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was €1.3 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was €25.5 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was €2.4 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was €0.0 Mil.
|
1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (257.361 / 285.465) | / | (246.418 / 285.078) |
| = | 0.90155 | / | 0.864388 |
| | = | 1.043 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (285.078 / 285.078) | / | (285.465 / 285.465) |
| = | 1 | / | 1 |
| | = | 1 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (650.741 + 6.226) / 1143.692) | / | (1 - (636.426 + 6.451) / 1203.229) |
| = | 0.425573 | / | 0.465707 |
| | = | 0.9138 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 285.465 | / | 285.078 |
| | = | 1.0014 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (1.309 / (1.309 + 6.451)) | / | (1.3 / (1.3 + 6.226)) |
| = | 0.168686 | / | 0.172735 |
| | = | 0.9766 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (26.648 / 285.465) | / | (25.524 / 285.078) |
| = | 0.093349 | / | 0.089533 |
| | = | 1.0426 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((0 + 4.145) / 1143.692) | / | ((0 + 2.367) / 1203.229) |
| = | 0.003624 | / | 0.001967 |
| | = | 1.8424 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (56.917 - 0 | - | 22.07) | / | 1143.692 |
| | = | 0.030469 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
AMERISAFE has a M-score of -2.62 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
Quick Browse
Personalize
Premium Gurus 
Create New Portfolio
Portfolio Contest
FRA:A3I has been successfully added to your