Fifth Third Bancorp Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Fifth Third Bancorp for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 0.8681 | + | 0.528 * 1 | + | 0.404 * 0.9333 | + | 0.892 * 1.0317 | + | 0.115 * 0.9495 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 1.0231 | + | 4.679 * -0.010066 | - | 0.327 * 1.0272 |
| = | -2.67 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec23) TTM: | Last Year (Dec22) TTM: |
Total Receivables was $5,578 Mil.
Revenue was 2101 + 2119 + 2124 + 2182 = $8,526 Mil.
Gross Profit was 2101 + 2119 + 2124 + 2182 = $8,526 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $80,499 Mil.
Total Assets was $214,574 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $3,319 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $462 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $3,100 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $4,723 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $16,380 Mil.
Net Income was 530 + 660 + 601 + 558 = $2,349 Mil.
Non Operating Income was 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = $0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 2072 + 636 + 480 + 1321 = $4,509 Mil.
|
Total Receivables was $6,228 Mil.
Revenue was 2283 + 2135 + 1990 + 1856 = $8,264 Mil.
Gross Profit was 2283 + 2135 + 1990 + 1856 = $8,264 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $68,674 Mil.
Total Assets was $207,452 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $3,322 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $436 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $2,937 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $6,148 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $13,714 Mil.
|
1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (5578 / 8526) | / | (6228 / 8264) |
| = | 0.654234 | / | 0.75363 |
| | = | 0.8681 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (8264 / 8264) | / | (8526 / 8526) |
| = | 1 | / | 1 |
| | = | 1 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (80499 + 3319) / 214574) | / | (1 - (68674 + 3322) / 207452) |
| = | 0.609375 | / | 0.652951 |
| | = | 0.9333 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 8526 | / | 8264 |
| | = | 1.0317 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (436 / (436 + 3322)) | / | (462 / (462 + 3319)) |
| = | 0.116019 | / | 0.12219 |
| | = | 0.9495 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (3100 / 8526) | / | (2937 / 8264) |
| = | 0.363594 | / | 0.355397 |
| | = | 1.0231 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((16380 + 4723) / 214574) | / | ((13714 + 6148) / 207452) |
| = | 0.098348 | / | 0.095743 |
| | = | 1.0272 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (2349 - 0 | - | 4509) | / | 214574 |
| | = | -0.010066 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Fifth Third Bancorp has a M-score of -2.67 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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